Memory Units and Generations 8 Lesson-7
Fill in the Blanks
1.A group of bits is called byte.
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) 64
2.A bit or a binary digit may be represented by logical……………and……………
(a) 0,1 (b) 0,0 (c) 1,2 (d) 1,1
3.RAM stands for……………
-
- Read Access Memory (b)Random Access Memory (c) All of these (d) None of these 4 ROM stands for ……………
4. Read Only Memory (b) Random Only Memory (c) Read Open Memory (d) None of these 5 Each track of a disk is subdivided into small portions known as ……………
(a) Sector (b) Area (c) Disk (d) Tape
True/False:
- Group of 8 bits is called Giga Byte. (False)
- Main memory is faster than Cache memory. (False)
- PROM stands for Programmable Read only Memory. (True)
- EPROM stands for Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory. (True)
- The surface of disk is divided into a number of invisible concentric circles called tracks. (True)
Short Answer type Questions:
Q 1. Name the types of Memory.
Ans:
Q 2. Name the various types of ROM Ans: Types of ROM
- MROM
- PROM
- EPROM
- EEPROM
Q 3. Main features and characteristics of First Generation.
Ans: 1. Vacuum tubes and Punched cards were used as secondary storage.
- They Machine and Assembly languages.
- They were very much large in size.
- They were producing a lot of heat.
- They were not much reliable systems.
- They were costly and difficult to use.
Q 4. Names of Fourth Generation Systems Ans: IBM PC
Apple II CRAY-1 CRAY-2 CRAY-X/MP
Q 5. Write the areas which are included in AI. Ans: Robotics
Game Playing
Development of expert systems Natural language understanding
Long Answer type Questions:
Q 1. Explain the External Memory.
Ans: External Memory : It is also known as secondary or auxiliary memory or non-volatile. It is slower than main memory. These are used for storing data and Information permanently. CPU does not access these memories directly. It has large storage. It is not so expensive. It is easily portable. For example: Hard disk, CD, DVD etc.
Types of External Memory
Q 2. Explain the Characteristic of Secondary Memory.
Ans: 1. It is type of magnetic and optical memories.
- It stores data permanently.
- It is Non-volatile memory
- Data in secondary storage is safe.
- It has large storage capacity.
- It is much lesser expensive than primary memory.
- It is easily portable.
- Computer can start without secondary memory.
- Slower than primary memories.
- Examples: CD, DVD, Hard Disk, Pen Drive, Floppy Disk etc.
Q 3. What are Tracks?
Ans: Tracks: The surface of disk is divided into a number of invisible concentric circles called tracks. These tracks are numbered starting from zero. The number of tracks on a disk may vary according to the capacity. A track is a physical division of data in a disk drive.
Q 4. What are Sectors?
Ans: Sectors : Each track of a disk is subdivided into small portions known as sectors. There are 8 or more sectors per track. A sector contains 512 bytes. The sector is the minimum storage unit of a hard drive.
Q 5.Explain Fifth Generations of Computer.
Ans: The period of fifth generation Computer is 1989-till date. They used ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology. They used microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.
This generation is based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
AI includes
- Robotics
- Game Playing
- Development of expert systems,
- Natural language understanding
Some computer types of this generation are
- Desktop
- Laptop
- NoteBook
- UltraBook
- ChromeBook
FULL FORMS
- ARPANET ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY NETWORK (AYfvWsf rIsrc pRojYkt AYjMsI nYtvrk)
- RAM RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (rYNfm AYksYs mYmrI)
- ROM READ ONLY MEMORY (rIf EnlI mYmrI)
- MODEM MODULATER DEMODULATER (mwfUlytr fImwfUlytr)
- TCP/IP TRANSMITION CONTROL PROTOCOL (tRWsmISn kMtrol pRotokol)
- DSL DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (fIzItl sbskRweIbr lweIn)
- ISDN INTEGRATED SERVICE DIGITAL NETWORK (ieMtIgrytf srivs fIzItl nYtvrk)
- ISP INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ieMtrnYt srivs pRovweIfr)
- NIC NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (nYtvrk ieMtrPys kwrf)
- IAP INTERNET ACCESS PROVIDER (ieMtrnYt AYksYs pRovweIfr)
- WWW WORLD WIDE WEB (vrlf vweif vYb)
- URL UNIFROM RESOURCE LOCATER (XunIPorm irsors lokytr)
- EMAIL ELECTRONIC MAIL (ielYktRoink myl)
- E COMMERCE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (ielYktRoink kwmrs)
- FTP FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (PweIl trWsPr pRotokol)
- IT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (ienPormySn tYknolojI)
- SERP SEARCH ENGINE RESULT PAGE (src ieMjx irzlt pyz)
- HTML HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (hweIpr tYkst mwrkAp lYNgueyz)
- CSS CASCADING STYLE SHEET (kwskyifMg stweIl SIt)
- KB KILO BYTE (iklo bweIt)
21. |
MB |
MEGA BYTE (mYgw bweIt) |
22. |
GB |
GIGA BYTE (gIgw bweIt) |
23. |
TB |
TERA BYTE (tYrw bweIt) |
24. |
PB |
PENTA BYTE (pYNtw bweIt) |
25. |
CPU |
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (sYNtrl pRosYisMg XUint) |
26. |
UPS |
UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (AnieMtRptf pwvt splweI) |
27. |
SRAM |
STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (stYitk rYNfm AYksYs mYmrI) |
28. |
DRAM |
DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (fwienwimk rYNfm AYksYs mYmrI) |
29. |
MROM |
MASKED READ ONLY MEMROY (mwskf rIf EnlI mYmrI) |
30. |
PROM |
PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMROY (pRogrwmybl rIf EnlI mYmrI) |
31. |
EPROM |
ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMROY (ieryzybl pRogrwmybl rIf EnlI mYmrI) |
32. |
EEPROM |
ELECTRONICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMROY |
33. |
CD |
(ielYktRonIklI ieryzybl pRogrwmybl rIf EnlI mYmrI) COMPACT DISK (kMmpYkt fIsk) |
34. |
DVD |
DIGITAL VIDEO DISK (fIzItl vIfIE fIsk) |
35. |
BPI |
BITS PER INCH (ibts pr ieMc) |
36. |
IC |
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ieMtIgRyif srkt) |
37. |
VLSI |
VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (vYrI lwrj skyl ieMtIgRyif srkt) |
38. |
ULSI |
ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (Altrw lwrj skyl ieMtIgRyif srkt) |
39. |
AI |
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AwrtIPISIAl ieMtYlIjYNs) |
40. |
PC |
PERSONAL COMPUTER (prsnl kMipaUtr) |
SHORTCUT KEYS
- Ctrl+A : Select All (swrw tYkst slYkt krn leI)
- Ctrl+B : Bold (tYkst nUM bolf krn leI)
- Ctrl+C : Copy (kwpI krn leI)
- Ctrl+F : Find (l`Bx leI)
- Ctrl+G : Goto line/page no etc. (iksy leIn jW pyz Awid qy jwx leI)
- Ctrl+H : Replace (iek cIz nUM dUjI cIz nwl bdlx leI)
- Ctrl+N : New File (nvIN PweIl Kolx leI)
- Ctrl+O : Open File (pihlW qoN bxI PweIl Kolx leI)
- Ctrl+P : Print (PweIl nUM ipRMt krn leI)
- Ctrl+S : Save File (PweIl nUM syv krn leI)
- Ctrl+V : Paste (k`t jW kwpI kIqI cIz nUM pyst krn leI)
- Ctrl+W : Close File (PweIl nUM bMd krn leI)
- Ctrl+X : Cut (k`t krn leI)
- Ctrl+Y : Redo (A`nfU kIqI cIz nUM vwips ilAwaux leI)
- Ctrl+Z : Undo (A`nfU krn leI)
- Ctrl+Shift+C : Copy Formats (Pwrmyt kwpI krn leI)
- Ctrl+Shift+V : Paste Formats (Pwrmyt pyst krn leI)
Alt+F4 : Close Program (pRogrwm bMd krn leI)
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